Breathing in the sweet, aromatic smoke of the burning green leaves of a river red gum, my shoes caked in sticky red mud from a rare downpour in a parched landscape, I’m struck by the significance of the moment. I’m in Maude, a tiny hamlet on the banks of the Murrumbidgee River in western New South Wales, and the smoke I am bathed in is the symbolic welcome of the Nari Nari people, Traditional Owners of this special part of Australia. It is May 2018, and I am here on behalf of The Nature Conservancy (TNC) to accept an awesome responsibility; helping the Nari Nari regain management of 87,000 hectares of their Traditional lands for the first time in more than a century. Known as Gayini Nimmie-Caira, the wetlands, creeks and forests here are some of the most important in the Murray-Darling Basin. Reintroducing Indigenous management and knowledge, combined with the best conservation
science and sustainable economic development epitomises TNC’s approach to conservation in the modern era – finding new and innovative ways to take on the world’s biggest conservation challenges at scale.
We all understand that the environment is under enormous pressure and many of us share TNC’s vision to conserve the lands and waters on which all life depends. But where should we focus our efforts and, in particular, our limited financial resources in order to have the greatest possible positive impact?
TNC recently set out to answer this question. Using the collective intellect of our 600 staff scientists and hundreds more in partner universities and NGOs, TNC identified four priority actions that, if addressed, can lead us to enjoy a world in which both people and nature thrive.
Priority 1: Tackle Climate Change
Climate change isn’t a possible distant threat—it’s real and it’s happening now. The past three years were hotter than any other time in recorded history. January 2019 was the hottest month in Australia since records began.
The Nature Conservancy is focused on innovative natural climate solutions that match the urgency of this crisis all around the world. In Australia we’re protecting woodlands and wetlands that store carbon taken from the atmosphere, and we’re helping Traditional Owners manage fire more effectively on their lands. For example, for a number of years we supported the Martu people of the Western Desert in their determination to manage their vast and awe-inspiring traditional lands. Martu are leaders in Australia for actively managing their Country for the continuation of their culture and the conservation of its threatened wildlife like the Greater Bilby and Black-flanked Rock-wallaby. This management includes the reinstatement of age-old burning practices during the cooler months of the year that reduce the extent and severity of hot season wildfires and hence provide a net reduction in greenhouse gas emissions. We continue to support Martu and other Indigenous desert groups through our association with the Ten Deserts Project – spanning a third of Australia – the largest Indigenousled conservation project on Earth.
In our northern tropical savannas too, we’re providing ongoing support to Indigenous landholders to assist them in their efforts to care for their Country, managing better fire regimes, creating jobs and deriving income from reductions in greenhouse gas emissions.
Priority 2: Protect Land and Water
Ever since our inception in 1951, The Nature Conservancy has led the way in saving many of the most iconic landscapes on Earth. Globally, we have helped protect millions of hectares of land, conserved thousands of river kilometres and developed more than 100 marine projects.
In Australia we’ve been a part of several major land acquisitions for conservation including Eurardy Reserve in Western Australia, Fish River Station in the Northern Territory and additions to the Adelaide International Bird Sanctuary in South Australia.
As described above, last year we took over management of the 87,816-hectare Gayini Nimmie-Caira property in southern New South Wales in a consortium with the Nari Nari Tribal Council, the Murray Darling Wetlands Working Group and the Centre for Ecosystem Science at the University of NSW.
Gayini Nimmie-Caira is part of the Lowbidgee floodplain – the largest remaining area of wetlands in the Murrumbidgee Valley – within the southern Murray-Darling Basin. It’s an area of national and international conservation significance.
Native Australian birds are particularly abundant here ranging in size from the tiny, cryptic Spotted Pardalote to the big, impressive Emu in large numbers. Of highest significance, the wetlands provide feeding and breeding habitat for many different species of freshwater birds which can amass in large nesting colonies when conditions are right – species like the Straw-necked Ibis, Royal Spoonbill, Little Pied Cormorant and Australian Pelican.
Nationally listed threatened species are also protected at Gayini Nimmie- Caira including one of Australia’s largest frogs – the Southern Bell Frog – and two endangered birds – the Australasian Bittern and Australian Painted-snipe. While around half of the property was previously used for cropping and grazing before being handed over to The Nature Conservancy consortium, the majority of it remains covered with significant native vegetation in good or recovering condition. Our management plan for the property will permanently protect these habitats for the wealth of species that rely on them for their survival.
The entire Gayini Nimmie-Caira area is also a rich cultural landscape that has supported Aboriginal people for 50,000 years. ‘Gayini’ is the name given to the area by the Nari Nari people. The property is home to a wealth of Indigenous cultural features from sacred canoe trees to ancient burial mounds and camp sites. For tens of thousands of years, the First Australians in this area actively managed their Country to boost its productivity – enhancing fish and bird stocks, and vegetation growth. Now part of the team managing Gayini Nimmie-Caira, Nari Nari are once more in possession of their lands, caring for it using a combination of traditional and modern techniques to improve its productivity and enhance its values.
Land management activities at Gayini Nimmie-Caira have started with roads and infrastructure being assessed and maintained, culture and heritage protection works carried out, and the removal of feral pests. Feral animals present a serious threat to both the conservation of native species (either through predation, competition for limited resources or destruction of habitat) and the ongoing productivity of agriculture on Gayini Nimmie-Caira and neighbouring properties alike. In the second half of 2018 a total of 2,655 feral pests were removed including almost 1,500 pigs, more than 1,000 deer and many foxes and cats.
In some cases, however, protection of natural habitats is too late. Years of commercial dredging, pollution and overfishing have decimated the shellfish reefs of southern Australia – Australia’s most endangered marine ecosystem. Research by our scientists has discovered that 90 percent or more of these former reefs have been wiped out. In response, we’re rebuilding these shellfish reefs in places like Noosa (Queensland), Port Phillip Bay (Victoria), Gulf St Vincent (South Australia), and Oyster Harbour and the Swan-Canning Estuary (Western Australia). The returning reefs offer the opportunity for improved local fish stocks, better water clarity due to the filtration power of shellfish, increased shoreline protection, extra feeding habitat for threatened migratory shorebirds, and an overall increase in biodiversity.
Priority 3: Provide Food and Water Sustainably
Food demand is expected to increase by more than 50 percent in the next 30 years as the world’s population continues to grow. While daunting, this is a challenge that can be met without further loss of natural habitat if done intelligently, heeding the lessons of the past.
Often referred to as the ‘food bowl of Australia’, the Murray-Darling Basin supports a staggering variety and extent of irrigated agriculture within its vast boundaries. The growing of food and fibre in the Basin is essential to our ongoing prosperity as a nation. And, this region of more than a million square kilometres is also rich in natural and indigenous cultural values.
The water that’s needed for agriculture is also needed for the river and its wildlife, and for the wellbeing of its Traditional Owners. Aboriginal people have lived on and near its winding waterways, from southern Queensland to coastal South Australia, for tens of thousands of years. So, can all these values simultaneously be protected and enhanced? Can we provide food and water sustainably in the Murray- Darling Basin?
At The Nature Conservancy we believe we can. Indeed, we believe the Basin must be managed for the benefit of all its values for their mutual survival. To prove it, we’re demonstrating how in places like the Great Cumbung.
In January this year, The Nature Conservancy, in a joint venture with Tiverton Agriculture, purchased the Juanbung and Boyong cattle stations in western NSW (a combined 33,765 hectares), along with the properties’ water rights, for $55 million. The deal to acquire the Great Cumbung is the most valuable conservation-focused purchase by a private or non-government organisation in Australia’s history. It protects almost the entire extent of the Great Cumbung Swamp from conversion to irrigated cropping.
Uniquely located at the confluence of the Lachlan and Murrumbidgee rivers, the Great Cumbung is one of the largest and most important wetlands in the Murray- Darling Basin. It is home to 131 bird species and more than 200 plant species.
In addition to wetland conservation and water recovery, the Great Cumbung continues to support economic development and jobs in the Riverina. Tiverton Agriculture is managing the property for the dual objectives of conservation and sustainable agriculture in conjunction with Gayini Nimmie-Caira which sits adjacent to it.
Priority 4: Build Healthy Cities
Cities are growing—fast. By 2050, two-thirds of the world’s population will live in urban areas.
Cities are expanding their footprint at an alarming rate, putting habitat, human health and access to food and water at risk. But with smart planning, science based solutions and strong partnerships, we can make our cities resilient, healthy and equitable. Our research has confirmed that having more trees in the urban environment brings us better air, soil and water quality; significantly reduces heat; improves mental health and wellbeing; and improves property value. And of course, more trees mean more important habitat for urban wildlife and recreation of urban humans. That’s why we’ve been working over the last two years in conjunction with the global 100 Resilient Cities program, Resilient Melbourne, the Victorian Government, developers, planners, communities and 32 local governments, to develop a strategy know as Living Melbourne: our metropolitan urban forest. The strategy covers not just trees, but all types of vegetation in Melbourne’s parks, gardens, river and creek corridors, wetlands, street and railway corridors, backyards and community gardens. Living Melbourne was released publicly in June 2019.
I am optimistic that by continuing to explore innovative new ways to address these global priorities with a diverse range of partners like Nari Nari Tribal Council, Tiverton Agriculture and others, we stand a good chance of passing onto future generations a world where nature thrives and continues to sustain us.
If we are to succeed in protecting our environment and saving threatened species from extinction, nature needs people to get on board, to change their behaviour and patterns of consumption, and to invest in sustainable solutions. One way we help to inspire people to engage with and care for nature is through TNC’s annual Photo Contest. If you’d like to learn more, visit
www.natureaustralia.org.au/photo
